IROS 2026 Workshop · Interoceptive Perception for Resilient Robotics

Panel Discussions

Two debates, one thread: what role should the body’s own signals play in robot intelligence?

11:10 AM  ·  Before a Robot Can Model the World, Must It Model Itself?
4:30 PM  ·  Explicit or Implicit? The Future of IMU Learning in Robot Perception

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Morning Panel · 11:10 AM – 12:00 PM

Before a Robot Can Model the World, Must It Model Itself?

World models and vision-language-action policies condition on a body state they cannot produce themselves. Is a robot’s self-model, learned from inertial, proprioceptive, and tactile signals, a prerequisite for modeling the world — or does it emerge on its own from end-to-end training at scale?

Morning Panel · The Two Positions

Prerequisite, or emergent?

The self-model is a prerequisite

  • Every observation comes from a moving body; the world only appears once the self is subtracted.
  • A world model predicts the consequences of action — and the actor is the body.
  • Biology agrees: the brain predicts the sensory consequences of its own motion and perceives the world as deviations.
  • Safety demands it: the forces a robot exerts cannot be seen, only felt.

It emerges from scale

  • The bitter lesson: end-to-end learning at scale beats hand-designed structure.
  • Body state can live as an implicit latent inside the policy — no dedicated model needed.
  • Stateless navigation already shows competence without explicit state estimation.
  • A separate self-model is one more module to calibrate, maintain, and get wrong.

Morning Panel · Questions for Discussion

Where the debate gets decided

  1. What failure would only a self-model prevent — and has anyone observed it?
  2. If self-knowledge emerges at scale, where does the training data for the body’s signals come from?
  3. Can a self-model transfer across embodiments, or must every robot learn its body from scratch?
  4. What does each answer imply for the foundation-model roadmap: one giant policy, or a perception substrate beneath it?

From Morning to Afternoon

The morning panel asks whether a robot needs a model of itself.

The closing panel asks how to build one:
as a dedicated, interpretable module — or dissolved inside an end-to-end policy.

Closing Panel · 4:30 – 5:00 PM

Explicit or Implicit? The Future of IMU Learning in Robot Perception

Should robots model inertial sensing explicitly, through dedicated and interpretable estimation modules, or implicitly, inside end-to-end learned policies? What does each path mean for accuracy, generalization, and resilience when exteroceptive sensing degrades or fails?

Closing Panel · The Two Positions

Explicit module, or implicit latent?

Explicit estimation

  • Interpretable and certifiable — you can inspect, bound, and debug the state estimate.
  • Sensor physics and calibration priors are known; throwing them away is wasteful.
  • Modular: one estimator serves many downstream tasks and platforms.
  • Degrades diagnosably — you know when and why the estimate is failing.

Implicit, end-to-end

  • Optimizes the true task objective instead of a proxy — trajectory error is not the same as staying upright.
  • No interface bottleneck: the policy keeps correlations a hand-designed state would discard.
  • Less per-platform engineering; the representation adapts with the data.
  • Learned features can exploit regularities no filter designer anticipated.

Closing Panel · Questions for Discussion

Where the debate gets decided

  1. When vision dies mid-task, which fails more gracefully — a filter or a policy?
  2. Do explicit modules cap performance, or anchor generalization to new environments?
  3. Is the hybrid middle ground — differentiable filters, learned priors inside estimators — the best or the worst of both worlds?
  4. What benchmark result would convince you the other side is right?

One Thread Through the Day

Before a robot can model the world,
it must model itself.

Robots that feel in order to move — and stay safe when they cannot see.

superodometry.com/interoception